Tension

 Tension is a type of contact force which exists in a string, rope, wire, or cable when it is being pulled, specifically on both of its ends. In opposition to being pulled, the string applies an equal tension force on the objects, pulling them towards itself.

Tension is a vector, and therefore has a direction and a magnitude.

The force itself is called a tension force because the rope is in a state of tension.

"What goes up, must come down."

Gravity causes my dog to land on the ground seconds after he jumps, rather than continuing to gain height.

Gravity. What is it, exactly? Well, gravity is the name of the force that pulls objects towards the Earth's core- it's the reason that objects stay within Earth's atmosphere. This force has different magnitudes for different large objects. Since gravity is related to object mass, the pull of gravity on Earth is stronger than the one felt on the moon, for example. On Earth, the numerical constant for gravity is 9.81 m/s^2, or about 32 ft/s^2.